πŸ»β¬‡οΈπŸ€

Madison Cockrell

Madison Cockrell

Team: UIW
Position: G

Career Averages

ESPN Β· NCAAW Β· completed source game rows, all recorded phases (including special games). Coverage reflects stored source games. Source phase breakdown: 94 unknown phase. These are not regular-season totals.

GP MPG PPG RPG APG SPG BPG TO FGA Numbers FG% 3P% FT%
94 17.3 5.2 2.1 1.6 1.1 0.1 1.9 4.7 3.6 36.9% 29.7% 73.2%

Plus/minus sample β€” 2025-2026: 23 games, 649.2 minutes, 2105.3 possessions. Other models may cover a different set of games.

Advanced Stats

Legacy model artifacts; separate from the counting cohort. Model output season: 2025-2026. Plus/minus scope: 23 games.

RAPM Rank Minutes Possessions Model PM Model PM/G Model PM/40
-1.08 2353 649 2105 -51 -2.2 -3.1

RAPM = Regularized Adjusted Plus-Minus (points per 100 possessions above average)

Model Outputs β€” 2025-2026

Catalog

Output is shown as model rating with league rank in parentheses when available.

Model Output Notes
RAPM Overall RAPM Overall Single-parameter regularized adjusted plus-minus estimate. SE 2.58 | Poss 2105 More β†’ -1.08 (#2353) SE 2.58 | Poss 2105
RAPM Off/Def RAPM Off/Def Simultaneous offensive and defensive RAPM decomposition. Off -1.10 | Def +0.01 More β†’ -1.08 (#2353) Off -1.10 | Def +0.01
Plus/Minus Rate Plus/Minus Rate Raw plus/minus rate baseline per 100 possessions. PM/G -2.2 | PM/40 -3.1 More β†’ -2.42 (#3257) PM/G -2.2 | PM/40 -3.1
Player Vector 2D Player Vector 2D Low-dimensional player embedding model with lineup composition and interaction effects. Vec (-2.16, +1.39) | Norm 2.57 More β†’ 2.679 (#2221) Vec (-2.16, +1.39) | Norm 2.57
Points For Elo Points For Elo Online player rating for contribution to team scoring rate. Pts For +0.78 | Prevent -1.71 | Net -0.93 | Min 677 More β†’ +0.78 (#1131) Pts For +0.78 | Prevent -1.71 | Net -0.93 | Min 677
Points Prevention Elo Points Prevention Elo Online player rating for suppressing the opponent's scoring rate. Pts For +0.78 | Prevent -1.71 | Net -0.93 | Min 677 More β†’ -1.71 (#3973) Pts For +0.78 | Prevent -1.71 | Net -0.93 | Min 677
Points Net Elo Points Net Elo Net point-differential event Elo from points created plus points prevented. Pts For +0.78 | Prevent -1.71 | Net -0.93 | Min 677 More β†’ -0.93 (#3029) Pts For +0.78 | Prevent -1.71 | Net -0.93 | Min 677
Rebounds For Elo Rebounds For Elo superseded Online player rating for contribution to team rebound rate. Reb For +0.32 | Prevent +0.05 | Net +0.37 | Min 677 More β†’ +0.32 (#1213) Reb For +0.32 | Prevent +0.05 | Net +0.37 | Min 677
Rebound Prevention Elo Rebound Prevention Elo superseded Online player rating for suppressing the opponent's rebound rate. Reb For +0.32 | Prevent +0.05 | Net +0.37 | Min 677 More β†’ +0.05 (#2143) Reb For +0.32 | Prevent +0.05 | Net +0.37 | Min 677
Offensive Rebounds For Elo Offensive Rebounds For Elo superseded Online player rating for contribution to own-team offensive rebounds. OReb For +0.47 | Prevent -0.55 | Net -0.08 | Min 677 More β†’ +0.47 (#568) OReb For +0.47 | Prevent -0.55 | Net -0.08 | Min 677
Offensive Rebound Prevention Elo Offensive Rebound Prevention Elo superseded Online player rating for preventing opponent offensive rebounds. OReb For +0.47 | Prevent -0.55 | Net -0.08 | Min 677 More β†’ -0.55 (#3996) OReb For +0.47 | Prevent -0.55 | Net -0.08 | Min 677
Offensive Rebound Net Elo Offensive Rebound Net Elo superseded Net offensive-rebound event Elo from second chances created plus denied. OReb For +0.47 | Prevent -0.55 | Net -0.08 | Min 677 More β†’ -0.08 (#2645) OReb For +0.47 | Prevent -0.55 | Net -0.08 | Min 677
Defensive Rebounds For Elo Defensive Rebounds For Elo superseded Online player rating for contribution to own-team defensive rebounds. DReb For -0.15 | Prevent +0.60 | Net +0.45 | Min 677 More β†’ -0.15 (#2925) DReb For -0.15 | Prevent +0.60 | Net +0.45 | Min 677
Defensive Rebound Prevention Elo Defensive Rebound Prevention Elo superseded Online player rating for suppressing opponent defensive rebounds. DReb For -0.15 | Prevent +0.60 | Net +0.45 | Min 677 More β†’ +0.60 (#464) DReb For -0.15 | Prevent +0.60 | Net +0.45 | Min 677
Defensive Rebound Net Elo Defensive Rebound Net Elo superseded Net defensive-rebound event Elo from defensive boards created plus denied. DReb For -0.15 | Prevent +0.60 | Net +0.45 | Min 677 More β†’ +0.45 (#1058) DReb For -0.15 | Prevent +0.60 | Net +0.45 | Min 677
Rebound Margin Elo Rebound Margin Elo superseded Net rebound-margin event Elo from rebounds created plus rebounds prevented. Reb For +0.32 | Prevent +0.05 | Net +0.37 | Min 677 More β†’ +0.37 (#1551) Reb For +0.32 | Prevent +0.05 | Net +0.37 | Min 677
Assists For Elo Assists For Elo Online player rating for contribution to team assist rate. Ast For -0.53 | Prevent +0.25 | Net -0.28 | Min 677 More β†’ -0.53 (#3748) Ast For -0.53 | Prevent +0.25 | Net -0.28 | Min 677
Assist Prevention Elo Assist Prevention Elo Online player rating for suppressing the opponent's assist rate. Ast For -0.53 | Prevent +0.25 | Net -0.28 | Min 677 More β†’ +0.25 (#1179) Ast For -0.53 | Prevent +0.25 | Net -0.28 | Min 677
Assists Net Elo Assists Net Elo Net assist event Elo from assisted creation plus assisted-shot prevention. Ast For -0.53 | Prevent +0.25 | Net -0.28 | Min 677 More β†’ -0.28 (#2995) Ast For -0.53 | Prevent +0.25 | Net -0.28 | Min 677
Threes For Elo Threes For Elo Online player rating for contribution to team made-threes rate. 3PM For +0.45 | Prevent +0.29 | Net +0.74 | Min 677 More β†’ +0.45 (#476) 3PM For +0.45 | Prevent +0.29 | Net +0.74 | Min 677
Three Prevention Elo Three Prevention Elo Online player rating for suppressing the opponent's made-threes rate. 3PM For +0.45 | Prevent +0.29 | Net +0.74 | Min 677 More β†’ +0.29 (#524) 3PM For +0.45 | Prevent +0.29 | Net +0.74 | Min 677
Threes Net Elo Threes Net Elo Net made-three event Elo from threes created plus threes prevented. 3PM For +0.45 | Prevent +0.29 | Net +0.74 | Min 677 More β†’ +0.74 (#319) 3PM For +0.45 | Prevent +0.29 | Net +0.74 | Min 677
Stocks For Elo Stocks For Elo Online player rating for contribution to team steals-plus-blocks rate. Stocks For -0.80 | Prevent +0.07 | Net -0.73 | Min 677 More β†’ -0.80 (#4023) Stocks For -0.80 | Prevent +0.07 | Net -0.73 | Min 677
Stocks Prevention Elo Stocks Prevention Elo Online player rating for suppressing opponent stocks. Stocks For -0.80 | Prevent +0.07 | Net -0.73 | Min 677 More β†’ +0.07 (#1816) Stocks For -0.80 | Prevent +0.07 | Net -0.73 | Min 677
Stocks Net Elo Stocks Net Elo Net stocks event Elo from stocks created plus stocks denied. Stocks For -0.80 | Prevent +0.07 | Net -0.73 | Min 677 More β†’ -0.73 (#3864) Stocks For -0.80 | Prevent +0.07 | Net -0.73 | Min 677
Ball Security Elo Ball Security Elo Online player rating for keeping own-team turnovers down. TOV For -0.07 | Prevent -0.60 | Net -0.67 | Min 677 More β†’ -0.07 (#2589) TOV For -0.07 | Prevent -0.60 | Net -0.67 | Min 677
Turnover Force Elo Turnover Force Elo Online player rating for forcing opponent turnovers. TOV For -0.07 | Prevent -0.60 | Net -0.67 | Min 677 More β†’ -0.60 (#3741) TOV For -0.07 | Prevent -0.60 | Net -0.67 | Min 677
Turnover Margin Elo Turnover Margin Elo Net turnover event Elo from ball security plus turnover force. TOV For -0.07 | Prevent -0.60 | Net -0.67 | Min 677 More β†’ -0.67 (#3681) TOV For -0.07 | Prevent -0.60 | Net -0.67 | Min 677

Shot Chart β€” 2025-2026

84/208 FG (40.4%), 187 points from the field Β· ESPN shot locations Β· compared with the 2025-2026 league average

made missed
60%47/78 26%11/43 24%4/17 40%2/5 33%1/3 10%1/10 25%1/4 38%12/32 40%2/5 27%3/11
FG% by zone: above below league average (zones with 5+ attempts)
Zone FGM FGA FG% League FG%+/- % of FGA
Restricted area 47 78 60.3 58.6 +1.7 37.5
Paint (non-RA) 11 43 25.6 40.9 -15.3 20.7
Mid-range left 4 17 23.5 32.4 -8.9 8.2
Mid-range center 2 5 40.0 35.8 +4.2 2.4
Mid-range right 1 3 33.3 31.8 +1.5 1.4
Left corner 3 1 10 10.0 33.0 -23.0 4.8
Right corner 3 1 4 25.0 32.6 -7.6 1.9
Above-break 3 left 12 32 37.5 30.7 +6.8 15.4
Above-break 3 center 2 5 40.0 30.4 +9.6 2.4
Above-break 3 right 3 11 27.3 30.9 -3.6 5.3

Career Stats

ESPN Β· NCAAW Β· completed source game rows, all recorded phases (including special games). Coverage reflects stored source games. Source phase breakdown: 94 unknown phase. These are not regular-season totals. Other career leagues are available through the league links above.

Season League Team GP MIN PTS REB AST STL BLK TO FGA Numbers FG% 3P% FT% TS% eFG%
2025-2026 NCAAW Incarnate Word Cardinals 26 28.5 9.9 2.6 3.5 1.1 0.1 3.3 8.0 5.9 40.4% 30.2% 74.7% 51.6 45.0
2024-2025 NCAAW Incarnate Word Cardinals 27 18.4 5.2 2.7 1.5 1.7 0.1 2.0 5.0 4.2 35.1% 25.0% 73.7% 44.3 36.9
2023-2024 NCAAW UTSA Roadrunners 24 8.0 1.6 1.4 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.6 1.9 1.5 26.7% 30.4% 72.7% 39.1 34.4
2022-2023 NCAAW UTSA Roadrunners 17 11.4 3.2 1.5 0.9 0.6 0.0 1.2 3.1 1.9 36.5% 31.8% 62.5% 46.6 43.3

Advanced: Numbers = PTS+REB+AST+STL+BLK-TO-FGA, TS% = True Shooting, eFG% = Effective FG

Game Log

ESPN Β· NCAAW Β· completed source game rows, all recorded phases (including special games). Coverage reflects stored source games. Source phase breakdown: 94 unknown phase. These are not regular-season totals.

Date Vs/At Opponent Result Score MIN FG 3PT FT REB AST STL BLK TO PTS Numbers RAPM GS
2026-03-09 vs Nicholls Colonels L 55-81 36 6-18 1-3 3-4 2 4 3 1 6 16 2.0 -
2026-03-02 @ UT Rio Grande Valley L 64-72 22 4-8 1-1 4-5 2 4 2 0 4 13 9.0 -
2026-02-28 vs Lamar Cardinals L 69-80 22 3-5 0-0 3-4 2 5 0 0 2 9 9.0 -
2026-02-26 vs Stephen F. Austin La L 71-93 16 1-6 0-2 0-0 1 3 1 0 3 2 -2.0 -
2026-02-21 @ East Texas A&M Lions W 71-61 31 1-8 0-4 0-0 3 7 0 0 3 2 1.0 -
2026-02-19 @ Northwestern State L W 71-65 30 5-10 2-4 9-11 2 1 2 0 3 21 13.0 -
2026-02-14 vs Nicholls Colonels W 72-66 38 3-6 1-2 12-14 2 1 0 0 2 19 14.0 -
2026-02-12 vs LSU New Orleans Priv L 73-77 30 4-8 0-1 2-2 3 3 0 0 4 10 4.0 -
2026-02-07 @ McNeese Cowgirls L 54-75 8 0-0 0-0 0-0 2 1 0 0 3 0 0.0 -
2026-01-31 vs UT Rio Grande Valley L 70-80 24 1-7 1-4 0-0 2 5 0 0 0 3 3.0 -
2026-01-29 @ Texas A&M-Corpus Chr L 64-70 34 2-8 0-1 0-0 1 5 3 0 3 4 2.0 -
2026-01-24 vs Texas A&M-Corpus Chr W 90-73 30 7-11 3-6 4-5 1 5 2 0 2 21 16.0 -
2026-01-22 @ Houston Christian Hu W 74-65 31 3-7 0-0 5-5 5 4 0 0 3 11 10.0 -
2026-01-17 vs Northwestern State L W 66-53 35 6-12 0-2 1-4 4 3 2 0 1 13 9.0 -
2026-01-15 vs East Texas A&M Lions W 70-63 38 5-12 2-4 5-8 4 2 4 0 2 17 13.0 -
2026-01-10 @ Lamar Cardinals L 62-78 23 1-6 0-2 2-2 1 2 0 0 1 4 0.0 -
2026-01-08 @ Stephen F. Austin La L 63-75 37 4-10 1-2 3-3 1 2 4 0 4 12 5.0 -
2026-01-03 vs Houston Christian Hu W 56-52 39 7-14 4-8 1-3 2 3 1 0 4 19 7.0 -
2025-12-31 vs SE Louisiana Lady Li W 66-59 34 6-13 2-7 6-6 1 3 1 0 3 20 9.0 -
2025-12-29 vs McNeese Cowgirls L 53-74 25 3-5 0-1 0-0 3 2 0 0 3 6 3.0 -
2025-12-18 @ LSU New Orleans Priv W 79-68 23 0-3 0-2 2-2 2 3 0 0 2 2 2.0 -
2025-12-16 @ Nicholls Colonels W 54-52 20 1-2 0-0 1-2 2 1 1 0 4 3 1.0 -
2025-11-23 @ Rice Owls L 62-70 32 2-9 1-4 0-0 4 5 0 0 3 5 2.0 -
2025-11-10 vs St. Thomas (TX) Celt W 86-72 33 3-6 0-0 1-3 5 9 1 1 6 7 11.0 -
2025-11-07 @ Abilene Christian Wi L 56-69 37 6-12 0-3 6-10 9 7 0 0 8 18 14.0 -
2025-11-03 @ Texas Longhorns L 51-123 14 0-2 0-0 1-2 2 0 2 0 7 1 -4.0 -
2025-03-20 @ UT Arlington Maveric L 52-78 12 0-5 0-0 0-0 2 0 1 0 1 0 -3.0 -
2025-03-12 @ SE Louisiana Lady Li L 37-57 15 0-4 0-0 0-0 3 1 2 0 4 0 -2.0 -
2025-03-11 vs Northwestern State L W 69-54 20 1-7 1-1 5-6 5 2 1 0 1 8 8.0 -
2025-03-01 @ East Texas A&M Lions W 74-65 20 2-5 0-0 6-8 3 3 0 0 3 10 8.0 -
2025-02-27 @ Northwestern State L W 71-64 19 5-7 1-1 1-4 2 1 0 0 1 12 7.0 -
2025-02-22 vs Stephen F. Austin La L 68-73 15 1-5 0-1 0-1 1 1 2 0 1 2 0.0 -
2025-02-20 vs Lamar Cardinals L 53-61 24 2-8 0-0 2-2 3 1 4 0 2 6 4.0 -
2025-02-15 @ Texas A&M-Corpus Chr W 63-55 25 2-6 0-2 4-6 2 4 2 0 3 8 7.0 -
2025-02-13 @ UT Rio Grande Valley L 37-59 22 2-9 0-2 0-0 4 2 3 0 1 4 3.0 -
2025-02-08 vs SE Louisiana Lady Li L 43-62 20 0-1 0-0 1-2 5 1 0 0 1 1 5.0 -
2025-02-01 vs Houston Christian Hu W 68-55 19 2-5 0-2 0-0 3 2 2 1 1 4 6.0 -
2025-01-30 @ McNeese Cowgirls W 77-63 22 4-9 0-1 1-1 3 2 3 0 2 9 6.0 -
2025-01-27 @ LSU New Orleans Priv W 58-55 20 3-6 1-1 0-0 0 4 2 0 1 7 6.0 -
2025-01-25 @ SE Louisiana Lady Li L 42-66 25 0-4 0-1 0-0 3 1 1 0 3 0 -2.0 -
2025-01-18 vs Texas A&M-Corpus Chr W 76-58 18 4-5 1-1 2-2 3 0 1 0 0 11 10.0 -
2025-01-16 vs UT Rio Grande Valley W 52-43 9 2-3 0-1 0-0 0 0 0 0 2 4 -1.0 -
2025-01-11 @ Houston Christian Hu W 76-45 15 0-0 0-0 2-2 3 3 1 0 2 2 7.0 -
2025-01-09 vs Nicholls Colonels L 57-68 10 0-1 0-0 2-2 1 0 1 0 1 2 2.0 -
2025-01-04 @ Stephen F. Austin La L 60-67 19 1-4 1-1 0-0 2 1 2 0 2 3 2.0 -
2025-01-02 @ Lamar Cardinals L 47-69 20 3-10 0-0 2-2 4 1 5 0 3 8 5.0 -
2024-12-29 vs Our Lady of the Lake W 104-37 18 5-9 0-1 2-3 5 0 2 0 4 12 6.0 -
2024-12-20 vs East Texas A&M Lions W 76-55 6 0-0 0-0 1-2 1 0 1 0 2 1 1.0 -
2024-11-18 vs Prairie View A&M Lad W 68-49 23 1-2 0-1 1-2 3 5 5 0 5 3 9.0 -
2024-11-14 vs Texas Lutheran Bulld W 57-51 19 2-6 0-2 4-4 5 2 2 1 1 8 11.0 -
2024-11-11 vs Nelson Lions W 85-54 15 1-2 0-1 0-0 1 1 0 0 1 2 1.0 -
2024-11-07 @ Baylor Bears L 33-85 25 3-6 0-0 1-2 4 2 0 0 5 7 2.0 -
2024-11-04 @ Texas Tech Lady Raid L 48-78 21 1-5 0-0 5-6 1 0 2 0 0 7 5.0 -
2024-03-05 vs Rice Owls W 60-52 4 1-1 0-0 1-1 2 0 0 0 0 3 4.0 -
2024-03-02 @ Wichita State Shocke W 68-61 1 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 1 0 -1.0 -
2024-02-28 @ Memphis Tigers L 53-60 9 0-0 0-0 0-0 2 0 0 0 1 0 1.0 -
2024-02-25 vs Florida Atlantic Owl W 76-60 8 0-1 0-0 0-0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 -
2024-02-22 vs Temple Owls L 48-56 10 0-1 0-0 1-2 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.0 -
2024-02-18 @ North Texas Mean Gre W 66-63 9 0-5 0-3 0-0 2 1 2 0 1 0 -1.0 -
2024-02-14 @ Tulsa Golden Hurrica L 70-74 9 0-2 0-2 0-0 1 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0 -
2024-02-11 vs UAB Blazers W 76-58 15 1-5 1-3 1-3 5 0 2 0 0 4 6.0 -
2024-02-04 vs Tulane Green Wave L 64-75 10 1-1 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1.0 -
2024-01-31 vs North Texas Mean Gre W 75-67 15 1-1 1-1 0-0 2 1 0 0 0 3 5.0 -
2024-01-27 @ SMU Mustangs L 58-75 3 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 1 0 -1.0 -
2024-01-21 @ UAB Blazers L 53-54 8 0-1 0-1 2-2 3 2 0 0 0 2 6.0 -
2024-01-16 vs South Florida Bulls W 65-42 11 0-1 0-0 0-0 4 0 1 1 0 0 5.0 -
2024-01-14 vs Charlotte 49ers W 81-80 14 0-2 0-1 0-0 1 1 2 0 1 0 1.0 -
2024-01-10 @ Florida Atlantic Owl W 73-60 6 0-1 0-1 0-0 1 0 0 0 1 0 -1.0 -
2024-01-06 vs Wichita State Shocke W 74-60 12 0-4 0-2 0-0 0 2 1 0 1 0 -2.0 -
2024-01-02 @ East Carolina Pirate L 54-82 17 4-8 3-6 2-2 2 0 3 0 2 13 8.0 -
2023-12-19 @ Seattle U Redhawks W 75-64 1 0-1 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 1 0 -2.0 -
2023-12-03 vs UTEP Miners W 90-66 2 1-1 1-1 0-0 0 0 0 0 1 3 1.0 -
2023-11-30 vs Texas State Bobcats L 57-65 2 1-1 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1.0 -
2023-11-18 @ UT Arlington Maveric W 70-66 8 1-2 1-1 0-0 1 1 1 0 1 3 3.0 -
2023-11-15 @ Texas A&M-Corpus Chr W 66-59 7 0-1 0-0 0-0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0.0 -
2023-11-10 vs New Mexico State Agg W 58-55 4 0-1 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 1 0 -2.0 -
2023-11-06 @ Arizona State Sun De L 55-70 7 1-4 0-1 1-1 4 1 2 0 1 3 5.0 -
2023-03-10 @ Western Kentucky Lad L 55-70 6 1-3 0-1 0-0 1 0 1 0 0 2 1.0 -
2023-03-09 @ Rice Owls W 62-54 3 0-1 0-0 1-2 1 0 0 0 0 1 1.0 -
2023-01-26 vs North Texas Mean Gre L 51-54 16 0-3 0-1 0-2 2 1 2 0 3 0 -1.0 -
2023-01-21 @ Florida Internationa L 48-51 21 2-5 0-2 0-0 4 3 1 0 2 4 5.0 -
2023-01-19 @ Florida Atlantic Owl L 66-81 18 4-7 1-2 1-2 2 1 2 0 2 10 6.0 -
2023-01-16 @ Rice Owls L 76-78 19 4-7 0-2 0-0 1 3 0 0 3 8 2.0 -
2023-01-14 vs Charlotte 49ers W 64-50 15 3-4 3-3 0-0 2 1 0 0 2 9 6.0 -
2023-01-11 vs UTEP Miners L 67-74 12 0-3 0-1 2-2 1 2 1 0 0 2 3.0 -
2023-01-07 @ Western Kentucky Lad L 69-77 4 0-0 0-0 0-0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 -
2023-01-05 @ Middle Tennessee Blu L 41-80 6 0-0 0-0 0-0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2.0 -
2022-12-31 vs UAB Blazers W 71-68 21 2-6 1-3 1-2 1 2 0 0 0 6 3.0 -
2022-12-29 vs Louisiana Tech Lady L 57-62 5 1-1 1-1 0-0 1 0 0 0 0 3 3.0 -
2022-12-19 @ Houston Cougars L 89-93 20 1-4 0-1 2-2 4 1 2 0 6 4 1.0 -
2022-12-15 @ Incarnate Word Cardi L 53-56 6 0-1 0-1 0-0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0 -
2022-12-10 vs Idaho Vandals W 76-69 15 1-6 1-4 0-0 1 1 1 0 1 3 -1.0 -
2022-11-30 @ Texas State Bobcats L 55-60 4 0-0 0-0 3-4 1 0 0 0 1 3 3.0 -
2022-11-25 vs Missouri State Lady L 51-74 2 0-1 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0 -