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Pierce Hornung

Pierce Hornung

Team: Colorado State
Position: F

Career Averages

ESPN Β· NCAAM Β· completed source game rows, all recorded phases (including special games). Coverage reflects stored source games. Source phase breakdown: 106 unknown phase. These are not regular-season totals.

GP MPG PPG RPG APG SPG BPG TO FGA Numbers FG% 3P% FT%
106 25.1 5.9 6.7 1.6 1.3 0.5 1.1 2.2 12.5 56.3% 29.6% 55.3%

Plus/minus sample β€” 2012-2013: 24 games, 724.4 minutes, 2356.4 possessions. Other models may cover a different set of games.

Advanced Stats

Legacy model artifacts; separate from the counting cohort. Model output season: 2012-2013. Plus/minus scope: 24 games.

RAPM Rank Minutes Possessions Model PM Model PM/G Model PM/40
+5.01 48 724 2356 +190 +7.9 +10.5

RAPM = Regularized Adjusted Plus-Minus (points per 100 possessions above average)

Model Outputs β€” 2012-2013

Catalog

Output is shown as model rating with league rank in parentheses when available.

Model Output Notes
RAPM Overall RAPM Overall Single-parameter regularized adjusted plus-minus estimate. SE 2.76 | Poss 2356 More β†’ +5.01 (#48) SE 2.76 | Poss 2356
RAPM Off/Def RAPM Off/Def Simultaneous offensive and defensive RAPM decomposition. Off +2.51 | Def +2.49 More β†’ +5.01 (#48) Off +2.51 | Def +2.49
Plus/Minus Rate Plus/Minus Rate Raw plus/minus rate baseline per 100 possessions. PM/G +7.9 | PM/40 +10.5 More β†’ +8.06 (#140) PM/G +7.9 | PM/40 +10.5
Points For Elo Points For Elo Online player rating for contribution to team scoring rate. Pts For -0.11 | Prevent +14.55 | Net +14.44 | Min 1027 More β†’ -0.11 (#2306) Pts For -0.11 | Prevent +14.55 | Net +14.44 | Min 1027
Points Prevention Elo Points Prevention Elo Online player rating for suppressing the opponent's scoring rate. Pts For -0.11 | Prevent +14.55 | Net +14.44 | Min 1027 More β†’ +14.55 (#459) Pts For -0.11 | Prevent +14.55 | Net +14.44 | Min 1027
Points Net Elo Points Net Elo Net point-differential event Elo from points created plus points prevented. Pts For -0.11 | Prevent +14.55 | Net +14.44 | Min 1027 More β†’ +14.44 (#81) Pts For -0.11 | Prevent +14.55 | Net +14.44 | Min 1027
Rebounds For Elo Rebounds For Elo superseded Online player rating for contribution to team rebound rate. Reb For +6.39 | Prevent +16.64 | Net +23.02 | Min 1027 More β†’ +6.39 (#785) Reb For +6.39 | Prevent +16.64 | Net +23.02 | Min 1027
Rebound Prevention Elo Rebound Prevention Elo superseded Online player rating for suppressing the opponent's rebound rate. Reb For +6.39 | Prevent +16.64 | Net +23.02 | Min 1027 More β†’ +16.64 (#202) Reb For +6.39 | Prevent +16.64 | Net +23.02 | Min 1027
Offensive Rebounds For Elo Offensive Rebounds For Elo superseded Online player rating for contribution to own-team offensive rebounds. OReb For +1.16 | Prevent -0.22 | Net +0.95 | Min 1027 More β†’ +1.16 (#227) OReb For +1.16 | Prevent -0.22 | Net +0.95 | Min 1027
Offensive Rebound Prevention Elo Offensive Rebound Prevention Elo superseded Online player rating for preventing opponent offensive rebounds. OReb For +1.16 | Prevent -0.22 | Net +0.95 | Min 1027 More β†’ -0.22 (#3412) OReb For +1.16 | Prevent -0.22 | Net +0.95 | Min 1027
Offensive Rebound Net Elo Offensive Rebound Net Elo superseded Net offensive-rebound event Elo from second chances created plus denied. OReb For +1.16 | Prevent -0.22 | Net +0.95 | Min 1027 More β†’ +0.95 (#14) OReb For +1.16 | Prevent -0.22 | Net +0.95 | Min 1027
Defensive Rebounds For Elo Defensive Rebounds For Elo superseded Online player rating for contribution to own-team defensive rebounds. DReb For +1.82 | Prevent -1.00 | Net +0.82 | Min 1027 More β†’ +1.82 (#253) DReb For +1.82 | Prevent -1.00 | Net +0.82 | Min 1027
Defensive Rebound Prevention Elo Defensive Rebound Prevention Elo superseded Online player rating for suppressing opponent defensive rebounds. DReb For +1.82 | Prevent -1.00 | Net +0.82 | Min 1027 More β†’ -1.00 (#3582) DReb For +1.82 | Prevent -1.00 | Net +0.82 | Min 1027
Defensive Rebound Net Elo Defensive Rebound Net Elo superseded Net defensive-rebound event Elo from defensive boards created plus denied. DReb For +1.82 | Prevent -1.00 | Net +0.82 | Min 1027 More β†’ +0.82 (#122) DReb For +1.82 | Prevent -1.00 | Net +0.82 | Min 1027
Rebound Margin Elo Rebound Margin Elo superseded Net rebound-margin event Elo from rebounds created plus rebounds prevented. Reb For +6.39 | Prevent +16.64 | Net +23.02 | Min 1027 More β†’ +23.02 (#4) Reb For +6.39 | Prevent +16.64 | Net +23.02 | Min 1027
Assists For Elo Assists For Elo Online player rating for contribution to team assist rate. Ast For -2.58 | Prevent +9.78 | Net +7.20 | Min 1027 More β†’ -2.58 (#3318) Ast For -2.58 | Prevent +9.78 | Net +7.20 | Min 1027
Assist Prevention Elo Assist Prevention Elo Online player rating for suppressing the opponent's assist rate. Ast For -2.58 | Prevent +9.78 | Net +7.20 | Min 1027 More β†’ +9.78 (#146) Ast For -2.58 | Prevent +9.78 | Net +7.20 | Min 1027
Assists Net Elo Assists Net Elo Net assist event Elo from assisted creation plus assisted-shot prevention. Ast For -2.58 | Prevent +9.78 | Net +7.20 | Min 1027 More β†’ +7.20 (#102) Ast For -2.58 | Prevent +9.78 | Net +7.20 | Min 1027
Threes For Elo Threes For Elo Online player rating for contribution to team made-threes rate. 3PM For +0.35 | Prevent -0.66 | Net -0.31 | Min 1027 More β†’ +0.35 (#379) 3PM For +0.35 | Prevent -0.66 | Net -0.31 | Min 1027
Three Prevention Elo Three Prevention Elo Online player rating for suppressing the opponent's made-threes rate. 3PM For +0.35 | Prevent -0.66 | Net -0.31 | Min 1027 More β†’ -0.66 (#3772) 3PM For +0.35 | Prevent -0.66 | Net -0.31 | Min 1027
Threes Net Elo Threes Net Elo Net made-three event Elo from threes created plus threes prevented. 3PM For +0.35 | Prevent -0.66 | Net -0.31 | Min 1027 More β†’ -0.31 (#3847) 3PM For +0.35 | Prevent -0.66 | Net -0.31 | Min 1027
Stocks For Elo Stocks For Elo Online player rating for contribution to team steals-plus-blocks rate. Stocks For -6.56 | Prevent +3.56 | Net -2.99 | Min 1027 More β†’ -6.56 (#3859) Stocks For -6.56 | Prevent +3.56 | Net -2.99 | Min 1027
Stocks Prevention Elo Stocks Prevention Elo Online player rating for suppressing opponent stocks. Stocks For -6.56 | Prevent +3.56 | Net -2.99 | Min 1027 More β†’ +3.56 (#324) Stocks For -6.56 | Prevent +3.56 | Net -2.99 | Min 1027
Stocks Net Elo Stocks Net Elo Net stocks event Elo from stocks created plus stocks denied. Stocks For -6.56 | Prevent +3.56 | Net -2.99 | Min 1027 More β†’ -2.99 (#3589) Stocks For -6.56 | Prevent +3.56 | Net -2.99 | Min 1027
Ball Security Elo Ball Security Elo Online player rating for keeping own-team turnovers down. TOV For +4.77 | Prevent -4.27 | Net +0.50 | Min 1027 More β†’ +4.77 (#288) TOV For +4.77 | Prevent -4.27 | Net +0.50 | Min 1027
Turnover Force Elo Turnover Force Elo Online player rating for forcing opponent turnovers. TOV For +4.77 | Prevent -4.27 | Net +0.50 | Min 1027 More β†’ -4.27 (#3666) TOV For +4.77 | Prevent -4.27 | Net +0.50 | Min 1027
Turnover Margin Elo Turnover Margin Elo Net turnover event Elo from ball security plus turnover force. TOV For +4.77 | Prevent -4.27 | Net +0.50 | Min 1027 More β†’ +0.50 (#1399) TOV For +4.77 | Prevent -4.27 | Net +0.50 | Min 1027

Career Stats

ESPN Β· NCAAM Β· completed source game rows, all recorded phases (including special games). Coverage reflects stored source games. Source phase breakdown: 106 unknown phase. These are not regular-season totals. Other career leagues are available through the league links above.

Season League Team GP MIN PTS REB AST STL BLK TO FGA Numbers FG% 3P% FT% TS% eFG%
2012-2013 NCAAM Colorado State 33 31.1 8.4 8.9 2.2 1.2 0.5 1.3 2.3 17.6 51.9% 50.0% 63.2% 148.3 55.8
2011-2012 NCAAM Colorado State 24 26.8 8.5 8.8 1.7 2.0 0.5 1.4 2.7 17.4 61.5% 0.0% 47.1% 141.4 61.5
2010-2011 NCAAM Colorado State 17 20.4 3.2 4.1 0.5 1.2 0.5 0.7 1.8 7.1 60.0% 0.0% 25.0% 86.6 60.0
2009-2010 NCAAM Colorado State 32 20.2 2.6 4.2 1.3 1.0 0.4 0.9 2.1 6.4 54.5% 22.2% 52.9% 56.5 56.1

Advanced: Numbers = PTS+REB+AST+STL+BLK-TO-FGA, TS% = True Shooting, eFG% = Effective FG

Game Log

ESPN Β· NCAAM Β· completed source game rows, all recorded phases (including special games). Coverage reflects stored source games. Source phase breakdown: 106 unknown phase. These are not regular-season totals.

Date Vs/At Opponent Result Score MIN FG 3PT FT REB AST STL BLK TO PTS Numbers RAPM GS
2013-03-23 @ Louisville Cardinals L 56-82 23 1-2 0-0 0-0 1 1 0 1 1 2 2.0 -
2013-03-21 vs Missouri Tigers W 84-72 39 2-2 0-0 2-2 8 2 0 0 4 6 10.0 -
2013-03-15 vs UNLV Rebels L 65-75 29 0-0 0-0 0-0 5 0 2 0 1 4 10.0 -
2013-03-13 vs Fresno State Bulldog W 67-61 32 1-1 0-0 2-4 9 1 0 0 3 4 10.0 -
2013-03-09 vs Nevada Wolf Pack W 77-66 36 0-0 0-0 0-0 13 4 4 1 0 16 38.0 -
2013-03-06 @ Wyoming Cowboys W 78-56 34 0-0 0-0 0-0 10 3 0 0 1 3 15.0 -
2013-03-02 @ Boise State Broncos L 65-78 33 0-0 0-0 0-0 4 1 0 1 1 1 6.0 -
2013-02-27 vs Fresno State Bulldog W 74-67 23 0-0 0-0 0-0 7 3 3 0 1 4 16.0 -
2013-02-23 vs New Mexico Lobos L 82-91 24 1-5 0-2 0-0 10 3 2 0 1 2 11.0 -
2013-02-20 @ UNLV Rebels L 59-61 39 3-7 0-2 3-4 6 4 5 0 1 9 16.0 -
2013-02-16 @ Air Force Falcons W 89-86 38 5-10 1-1 2-3 16 4 1 0 0 13 24.0 -
2013-02-13 vs San Diego State Azte W 66-60 36 3-7 1-1 5-6 8 4 0 0 1 12 16.0 -
2013-02-06 @ Nevada Wolf Pack W 73-69 3 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 -
2013-02-02 vs Wyoming Cowboys W 65-46 33 0-0 0-0 0-0 11 1 0 2 1 12 25.0 -
2013-01-30 vs Boise State Broncos W 77-57 29 0-0 0-0 0-0 13 3 1 0 0 23 40.0 -
2013-01-26 @ Fresno State Bulldog W 74-63 37 0-0 0-0 0-0 4 2 3 0 2 12 19.0 -
2013-01-23 @ New Mexico Lobos L 61-66 32 1-1 0-0 0-2 7 1 0 0 0 2 9.0 -
2013-01-19 vs UNLV Rebels W 66-61 37 0-0 0-0 0-0 6 4 2 1 3 9 19.0 -
2013-01-16 vs Air Force Falcons W 79-40 27 0-0 0-0 0-0 9 3 0 0 2 12 22.0 -
2013-01-12 @ San Diego State Azte L 72-79 40 3-6 1-2 0-0 14 4 0 1 0 7 20.0 -
2013-01-05 vs St. Bonaventure Bonn W 85-64 32 0-0 0-0 0-0 13 3 2 0 1 8 25.0 -
2013-01-02 vs UTEP Miners W 62-58 39 2-3 0-0 1-4 10 0 3 0 1 5 14.0 -
2012-12-29 vs Adams State Grizzlie W 80-55 23 2-5 0-1 3-4 8 3 0 1 1 7 13.0 -
2012-12-23 @ Virginia Tech Hokies W 88-52 27 0-0 0-0 0-0 10 4 0 1 3 18 30.0 -
2012-12-22 vs Portland Pilots W 70-53 36 0-0 0-0 0-0 11 1 0 0 0 24 36.0 -
2012-12-19 vs Cal State Bakersfiel W 78-58 32 4-6 1-1 1-2 8 3 0 0 2 10 13.0 -
2012-12-17 vs North Florida Osprey W 83-55 26 5-8 0-0 3-5 7 3 1 2 0 13 18.0 -
2012-12-08 @ UIC Flames L 55-64 33 0-0 0-0 0-0 10 1 0 1 4 8 16.0 -
2012-12-05 @ Colorado Buffaloes L 61-70 28 0-0 0-0 0-0 7 2 1 1 0 2 13.0 -
2012-11-24 @ Washington Huskies W 73-55 36 3-7 1-1 0-0 12 3 3 0 1 7 17.0 -
2012-11-21 @ Denver Pioneers W 60-53 38 0-0 0-0 0-0 11 2 0 2 4 8 19.0 -
2012-11-15 vs Chadron State Eagles W 93-50 23 4-7 1-1 2-2 9 1 6 1 3 11 18.0 -
2012-11-09 vs Montana Grizzlies W 72-65 30 0-0 0-0 0-0 16 0 1 0 1 4 20.0 -
2012-03-15 @ Murray State Racers L 41-58 31 6-7 0-1 0-0 17 0 2 0 3 12 21.0 -
2012-03-09 @ San Diego State Azte L 69-79 33 0-0 0-0 0-0 6 1 0 0 0 7 14.0 -
2012-03-08 vs TCU Horned Frogs W 81-60 30 0-0 0-0 0-0 14 3 4 0 0 16 37.0 -
2012-03-03 @ Air Force Falcons W 75-65 17 0-0 0-0 0-0 3 2 1 0 3 6 9.0 -
2012-02-29 vs UNLV Rebels W 66-59 21 3-7 0-1 0-0 8 0 4 2 0 6 13.0 -
2012-02-25 @ San Diego State Azte L 66-74 26 5-12 0-0 1-1 9 2 2 1 1 11 12.0 -
2012-02-21 vs New Mexico Lobos W 71-63 31 5-9 0-0 3-6 15 0 4 0 3 13 20.0 -
2012-02-18 vs Wyoming Cowboys W 54-46 29 0-0 0-0 0-0 7 1 1 0 1 7 15.0 -
2012-02-15 @ Boise State Broncos L 69-70 29 0-0 0-0 0-0 11 1 1 0 3 2 12.0 -
2012-02-04 vs Air Force Falcons W 67-49 32 0-0 0-0 0-0 17 2 2 1 1 23 44.0 -
2012-02-01 @ UNLV Rebels L 63-82 31 2-5 0-0 0-0 4 2 1 0 3 4 3.0 -
2012-01-28 vs San Diego State Azte W 77-60 29 4-5 0-0 0-0 13 2 0 0 4 8 14.0 -
2012-01-25 @ New Mexico Lobos L 52-85 30 0-0 0-0 0-0 7 0 4 0 1 10 20.0 -
2012-01-17 vs Boise State Broncos W 66-55 28 2-4 0-1 1-3 10 3 2 1 0 5 17.0 -
2012-01-14 vs TCU Horned Frogs W 95-89 19 5-7 0-0 1-3 6 4 2 0 2 11 14.0 -
2012-01-11 vs Denver Pioneers W 79-75 20 3-4 0-0 0-0 3 1 1 0 0 6 7.0 -
2012-01-07 vs Omaha Mavericks W 87-63 16 2-2 0-0 1-2 7 2 1 0 0 5 13.0 -
2011-12-29 vs Jacksonville State G W 79-56 21 0-0 0-0 0-0 12 2 2 1 1 6 22.0 -
2011-12-28 @ UTEP Miners W 56-53 28 0-0 0-0 0-0 8 2 3 1 3 8 19.0 -
2011-12-22 @ Northern Colorado Be W 92-78 28 0-0 0-0 0-0 1 3 2 0 0 11 17.0 -
2011-12-19 vs Texas Southern Tiger W 85-61 21 3-3 0-0 1-2 11 3 3 1 2 7 20.0 -
2011-11-15 @ Stanford Cardinal L 52-64 28 0-0 0-0 0-0 4 2 4 0 0 5 15.0 -
2011-11-14 vs SMU Mustangs W 75-56 32 0-0 0-0 0-0 6 3 0 2 1 6 16.0 -
2011-11-11 vs Montana Grizzlies W 64-58 34 0-0 0-0 0-0 12 0 2 1 1 10 24.0 -
2011-03-15 vs Fairfield Stags L 60-62 17 0-0 0-0 0-0 4 0 1 0 1 3 7.0 -
2011-03-10 vs New Mexico Lobos L 61-67 29 3-4 0-0 0-0 5 1 1 0 2 6 7.0 -
2011-03-05 @ San Diego State Azte L 48-66 24 2-4 0-1 0-0 1 0 2 1 0 4 4.0 -
2011-03-02 vs Utah Utes W 78-65 21 0-0 0-0 0-0 7 0 2 0 1 6 14.0 -
2011-02-26 @ Air Force Falcons L 57-74 24 2-2 0-0 0-0 4 2 2 0 0 4 10.0 -
2011-02-23 @ BYU Cougars L 76-84 16 1-2 0-0 0-0 3 0 1 0 2 2 2.0 -
2011-02-19 vs UNLV Rebels L 61-68 26 3-5 0-1 1-1 5 0 2 1 1 7 9.0 -
2011-02-16 @ TCU Horned Frogs W 69-55 21 0-0 0-0 0-0 13 1 1 2 0 1 18.0 -
2011-02-02 vs San Diego State Azte L 54-56 25 1-2 0-0 0-1 4 0 2 1 1 2 6.0 -
2011-01-29 @ Utah Utes W 74-68 19 1-2 0-0 0-2 3 0 2 2 0 2 7.0 -
2011-01-22 vs BYU Cougars L 85-94 15 2-3 0-0 0-0 2 0 0 0 1 4 2.0 -
2011-01-19 @ UNLV Rebels W 78-63 14 0-0 0-0 0-0 3 0 0 1 0 4 8.0 -
2011-01-15 vs TCU Horned Frogs W 79-69 24 0-0 0-0 0-0 5 2 1 0 0 4 12.0 -
2011-01-12 @ New Mexico Lobos L 61-68 20 1-3 0-0 0-0 5 1 1 1 1 2 6.0 -
2010-12-24 @ Southern Miss Golden W 63-58 15 1-2 0-1 0-0 1 0 1 0 2 2 0.0 -
2010-12-11 @ Kansas Jayhawks L 55-76 19 1-1 0-0 0-0 3 0 1 0 0 2 5.0 -
2010-11-13 vs Arkansas-Pine Bluff W 82-51 17 0-0 0-0 0-0 2 1 0 0 0 0 3.0 -
2010-03-17 @ Morehead State Eagle L 60-74 17 0-0 0-0 0-0 2 1 0 0 1 0 2.0 -
2010-03-11 @ San Diego State Azte L 71-72 15 1-4 1-1 0-0 1 1 1 0 1 3 1.0 -
2010-03-06 vs Utah Utes W 76-67 18 1-1 0-0 0-0 6 0 1 0 0 2 8.0 -
2010-03-03 @ San Diego State Azte L 55-68 13 1-3 0-1 0-0 2 1 1 0 1 2 2.0 -
2010-02-27 @ TCU Horned Frogs L 67-73 12 2-2 0-0 0-0 2 0 0 0 1 4 3.0 -
2010-02-23 vs New Mexico Lobos L 66-72 21 1-3 0-1 0-0 4 1 1 0 2 2 3.0 -
2010-02-20 @ UNLV Rebels L 39-70 13 0-4 0-2 0-0 1 1 1 1 1 0 -1.0 -
2010-02-17 vs BYU Cougars L 70-92 18 0-1 0-1 0-0 2 3 1 0 0 0 5.0 -
2010-02-09 @ Air Force Falcons W 51-47 19 0-1 0-1 0-0 3 1 0 0 0 0 3.0 -
2010-02-06 vs Wyoming Cowboys W 80-64 13 1-1 1-1 0-0 2 0 0 1 0 3 5.0 -
2010-02-03 @ Utah Utes W 65-50 19 1-1 0-0 0-0 2 0 1 0 1 2 3.0 -
2010-01-30 vs San Diego State Azte L 52-64 19 1-4 0-1 0-0 7 1 1 2 3 2 6.0 -
2010-01-27 vs TCU Horned Frogs W 63-57 19 1-1 0-0 0-0 1 0 2 1 3 2 2.0 -
2010-01-23 @ New Mexico Lobos L 64-82 13 2-3 0-0 0-0 3 1 0 0 0 4 5.0 -
2010-01-20 vs UNLV Rebels L 72-80 27 2-4 0-0 1-2 5 3 1 0 1 5 9.0 -
2010-01-16 @ BYU Cougars L 47-91 29 2-2 0-0 0-0 4 0 1 0 1 4 6.0 -
2010-01-09 vs Air Force Falcons W 70-48 28 3-4 0-0 0-2 6 0 3 1 0 6 12.0 -
2010-01-06 @ Wyoming Cowboys W 83-73 30 1-1 0-0 0-0 6 3 0 1 2 2 9.0 -
2009-12-31 vs Yale Bulldogs W 93-71 21 6-6 0-0 3-3 6 2 0 0 1 15 16.0 -
2009-12-28 @ Fresno State Bulldog L 50-73 26 2-3 0-0 0-0 2 2 2 0 0 4 7.0 -
2009-12-22 @ UCLA Bruins L 63-75 27 1-3 0-0 0-0 4 4 1 1 1 2 8.0 -
2009-12-20 vs Northern Arizona Lum W 64-56 33 0-0 0-0 1-2 6 1 1 0 2 1 7.0 -
2009-12-12 vs Montana Grizzlies W 62-61 24 1-1 0-0 1-2 8 1 1 0 3 3 9.0 -
2009-12-10 vs Colorado Buffaloes W 77-62 9 0-1 0-0 0-0 3 2 2 0 0 0 6.0 -
2009-12-05 vs Denver Pioneers W 64-59 17 0-0 0-0 0-0 2 1 1 0 0 0 4.0 -
2009-12-01 @ Northern Colorado Be L 63-70 20 0-0 0-0 0-0 5 1 2 1 2 0 7.0 -
2009-11-29 vs San Francisco Dons W 91-75 29 2-4 0-0 3-4 17 2 1 1 0 7 24.0 -
2009-11-24 vs Mayville State Comet W 79-42 19 2-4 0-0 0-2 4 1 0 0 1 4 4.0 -
2009-11-20 @ Indiana State Sycamo L 60-65 20 1-1 0-0 0-0 7 1 1 0 1 2 9.0 -
2009-11-15 @ Oregon Ducks L 55-68 20 1-3 0-0 0-0 6 2 1 0 0 2 8.0 -
2009-11-14 @ Winston Salem Rams W 57-40 17 0-0 0-0 0-0 2 1 1 2 0 0 6.0 -
2009-11-13 vs UC Davis Aggies W 91-73 23 0-0 0-0 0-0 2 4 3 0 1 0 8.0 -