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Player model

Turnover Force Elo

Online player rating for forcing opponent turnovers.

Status implemented Short Name TO Force
Rating Style impact Where Shown player pages, players leaderboard

Model Card

Opponent-suppression side of the turnover event model. Positive values mean a player's minutes tend to make the other team cough the ball up more often.

Validation here is out of sample. From two weeks into each season, a model trained on earlier games predicts each following week without learning from that week. Predictions use the players' observed minutes; each point is the minutes-weighted predicted and actual rate in that player's games. The current source inputs are not verified as identical to the published model revision.

Selected League / Season

Change league with the League selector at the top of the page.

Season

Held-out player predictions

WNBA 2026: 182 players with at least 100 held-out minutes. Across players, predicted and actual correlate at r = 0.92 (weighted by held-out minutes). Squared error is 12.3% below predicting the league average. Each dot is a player (182 with the most held-out minutes are plotted; larger dots had more); on the dashed line, actual equals predicted. Select a dot for the player.

Select a dot to see the player.

Above prediction

PlayerHeld-out minutesPredictedActual
Jessica Shepard1285 -15.3-13.8
Azzi Fudd860 -16.2-14.8
Awak Kuier798 -14.9-13.5
Leonie Fiebich782 -13.7-12.4
Arike Ogunbowale1263 -15.2-13.9
Isabelle Harrison759 -15.1-13.9
Maria Conde782 -15.3-14.1
Paige Bueckers1321 -15.2-14.0
Azurá Stevens784 -15.8-14.8
Laura Juskaite1000 -15.0-14.0

Below prediction

PlayerHeld-out minutesPredictedActual
Tiffany Hayes990 -16.5-17.4
Kaila Charles1095 -16.6-17.4
Courtney Williams1203 -17.2-17.9
NaLyssa Smith833 -15.3-15.9
Nyadiew Puoch664 -16.2-16.8
Kaitlyn Chen740 -16.9-17.5
Allisha Gray1625 -17.7-18.3
Stephanie Talbot772 -15.6-16.2
Natasha Howard1149 -17.2-17.8
Veronica Burton1544 -16.6-17.2

Output Coverage

Rows in each model's current published run (or legacy rows where no run is selected).

League Season Rows
WNBA 2026 217
NCAAW 2025-2026 4434
NCAAM 2025-2026 4582
NCAAM 2021-2022 4164
NCAAM 2020-2021 1811
NCAAM 2019-2020 1864
NCAAM 2018-2019 2417
NCAAM 2012-2013 3964
NBA 2026-2027 335
NBA 2025-2026 542