RAPM Overall
Single-parameter regularized adjusted plus-minus estimate.
| Status | implemented | Short Name | RAPM |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rating Style | impact | Where Shown | player pages, players leaderboard |
Model Card
Classic player RAPM with one overall impact coefficient per player. This is the clean scalar adjusted-impact baseline.
Each player's rating starts from a share of the player's previous-season RAPM rather than zero (NBA 50%, NCAAM 50%, NCAAW 50%; other leagues start from zero), so a few games move it less. The offense/defense split still starts from zero.
Validation here is out of sample. From two weeks into each season, every week's lineups are predicted by a fit on the season's earlier play, with the served settings; each player's point is the predicted and actual margin per 100 possessions of the held-out play the player was on the floor for.
Selected League / Season
Change league with the League selector at the top of the page.
Held-out player predictions
Plot RAPM Overall against any counting stat (one point per player, every season with a served list).
NCAAM 2025-2026: 3791 players with at least 200 held-out possessions. Across players, predicted and actual correlate at r = 0.84 (weighted by held-out possessions). Across these player averages, weighted R² = 0.69 (relative to the weighted mean of actual held-out outcomes). Per held-out segment, squared error is 1.1% below predicting the league average. Each dot is a player (500 with the most held-out possessions are plotted; larger dots had more); on the dashed line, actual equals predicted. Select a dot for the player.
Held-out miss against playing time
Each dot is a player's actual minus predicted margin per 100 possessions with the player on the floor against their held-out possessions (log scale). Orange points are the possessions-weighted mean miss of eight equal groups of players by playing time: a model that shrinks its low-possessions players too far, or not far enough, shows a slope.
Above prediction
| Player | Held-out possessions | Predicted | Actual |
|---|---|---|---|
| Keaton Wagler | 3243 | +5.9 | +11.3 |
| Yaxel Lendeborg | 3577 | +8.2 | +13.5 |
| Derek Simpson | 3076 | -3.4 | +1.8 |
| Donovan Atwell | 3229 | +1.1 | +5.8 |
| Dra Gibbs-Lawhorn | 2885 | -6.9 | -2.3 |
| Kingston Flemings | 3203 | +7.2 | +11.8 |
| Kyle Evans | 2973 | +1.9 | +6.4 |
| Larry Hughes II | 3022 | -3.1 | +1.3 |
| Chase Ross | 2871 | -6.2 | -2.0 |
| Nijel Pack | 3278 | +1.1 | +5.4 |
Below prediction
| Player | Held-out possessions | Predicted | Actual |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baraka Okojie | 2892 | +6.4 | +2.5 |
| Micah Simpson | 3010 | +1.4 | -1.6 |
| Jun Seok Yeo | 2951 | +2.8 | -0.2 |
| Maleek Arington | 2916 | +3.2 | +0.2 |
| Marquel Sutton | 2881 | +1.2 | -1.8 |
| Jed Miller | 2887 | +4.3 | +1.7 |
| Kaden Metheny | 2937 | +5.2 | +2.7 |
| TJ Johnson | 3065 | -6.2 | -8.6 |
| Tom Beattie | 2950 | +4.7 | +2.5 |
| Kory Mincy | 2909 | +4.5 | +2.3 |
Output Coverage
Rows in each model's current published run (or legacy rows where no run is selected).
| League | Season | Rows |
|---|---|---|
| WNBA | 2026 | 238 |
| NCAAWD3 | 2025-2026 | 6185 |
| NCAAWD3 | 2024-2025 | 6373 |
| NCAAWD3 | 2023-2024 | 6250 |
| NCAAWD2 | 2025-2026 | 4180 |
| NCAAWD2 | 2024-2025 | 4133 |
| NCAAWD2 | 2023-2024 | 3960 |
| NCAAW | 2026-2027 | 4328 |
| NCAAW | 2025-2026 | 4656 |
| NCAAW | 2024-2025 | 4727 |
| NCAAW | 2023-2024 | 4619 |
| NCAAW | 2021-2022 | 4711 |
| NCAAW | 2020-2021 | 4268 |
| NCAAW | 2019-2020 | 4370 |
| NCAAW | 2018-2019 | 4424 |
| NCAAW | 2017-2018 | 4289 |
| NCAAW | 2015-2016 | 4336 |
| NCAAW | 2014-2015 | 4339 |
| NCAAW | 2013-2014 | 4263 |
| NCAAW | 2012-2013 | 4319 |
| NCAAW | 2011-2012 | 4249 |
| NCAAW | 2010-2011 | 4269 |
| NCAAW | 2009-2010 | 4250 |
| NCAAMD3 | 2025-2026 | 6526 |
| NCAAMD3 | 2023-2024 | 6862 |
| NCAAMD2 | 2025-2026 | 3945 |
| NCAAMD2 | 2023-2024 | 3950 |
| NCAAM | 2026-2027 | 4339 |
| NCAAM | 2025-2026 | 4910 |
| NCAAM | 2023-2024 | 4976 |
| NCAAM | 2022-2023 | 5061 |
| NCAAM | 2021-2022 | 5027 |
| NCAAM | 2020-2021 | 4924 |
| NCAAM | 2019-2020 | 4660 |
| NCAAM | 2018-2019 | 4673 |
| NCAAM | 2017-2018 | 4623 |
| NCAAM | 2016-2017 | 4681 |
| NCAAM | 2015-2016 | 4619 |
| NCAAM | 2014-2015 | 4677 |
| NCAAM | 2013-2014 | 4682 |
| NCAAM | 2012-2013 | 4534 |
| NCAAM | 2011-2012 | 4516 |
| NCAAM | 2010-2011 | 4478 |
| NCAAM | 2009-2010 | 4627 |
| NBA | 2026-2027 | 463 |
| NBA | 2025-2026 | 579 |
| NBA | 2024-2025 | 568 |
| NBA | 2023-2024 | 572 |
| NBA | 2022-2023 | 540 |
| NBA | 2021-2022 | 598 |
| NBA | 2020-2021 | 540 |
| NBA | 2019-2020 | 519 |
| GLEAGUE | 2025-2026 | 451 |